Step 1: Preheat Your Oven. Preheat your oven to 450°F (230°C). Place a cast-iron skillet or baking sheet in the oven to heat up while you prepare the dough.

Step 2: Mix the Dry Ingredients. In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, salt, baking powder, and baking soda.

Step 3: Combine Wet and Dry Ingredients. Make a well in the center of the dry ingredients and pour in the buttermilk and melted butter. Stir until just combined—the dough will be sticky and shaggy. If adding optional mix-ins like cheese, herbs, or seeds, fold them in gently at this stage.

Step 4: Shape the Dough. Lightly flour your hands and work surface. Turn the dough onto the floured surface and shape it into a round loaf.

Step 5: Bake the Bread. Carefully transfer the dough (with the parchment paper) to the preheated skillet or baking sheet. Bake in the preheated oven for 15–20 minutes, or until the bread is golden brown and sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.

Step 6: Brush and Serve. As soon as the bread comes out of the oven, brush the top with melted butter for a soft, golden crust. Let the bread cool slightly before slicing.